Friday, May 31, 2019

candy Essay -- essays research papers

CandyThesis I.IntroductionA.Opening StatementB.Thesis II.Skittles A. B.I would like to think of myself as a healthy eater. I try not to eat much meat during the week and I always eat a variety vegetables. Nevertheless, I drive this weakness that renders all my attempts at healthy eating D.O.A. Of course I am talking about candy. Even thought it is almost completely make of sugar, I cannot get enough. Everyone has their favorite candy some may like sour or sweet while others stick to the classics chocolate or camel. The except problem is I like them all so narrowing it down is not easy. I think the best way would be to pick done my long list of favorites and come up with the top three. My all time favorite candys are, in no particular order, laffy taffy, skittles, and pralines.Some concourse simply despise fruity candies. Somehow I always seem to find myself not only buying, but also enjoying them. It seems the sky is the limit when it comes to the colours and flavors availably to choose from. Even through the seemingly endless type, I stay true to skittles in particular. I simply cannot get enough of those toothsome little candies. They are about the same size as an m&m, but much more colorful. I would say my favorite flavor would contain to be the red ones. The colors coordinate to the flavors. Red skittles are strawberry. The purple ...

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The Written Word Lives On :: essays research papers

The Written Word Lives On     Wonderful things contribute to the life of my spirit everyday. Withlimitless pages detain by a common goal these books keep me ticking. At nightwhile I shudder under my covers Ayne Rand and her John Gault have held me in astupor for hours on end. Making the cold seem like a fantasy and Gaults hiddenvalley a physical reality. She has make me standing mingled with my fantasies and I.     From the first blessed page of the Cat In the Hat I knew I was finished.My nights of sleep seemed to have no chance. The twisting and turning of thetongue made a game my young mind enjoyed. Books, these windows to the otherside, did not pass judgment and became my companions. I take a book with mewhen I travel so if I know no person at my destination I always have a friendwith whom old times are shareable. Family without friends neer provided mewith enough company. Taking a walk with the dark elf Drizzt through theshadowed halls of his city Menzobaeren inspired confidence in me even in the loneliness of a Hawaiian vacation. Calling reading just a hobby then does itinjustice. Adventure fits it more appropriately. Books sweep me into thedepths of imagination and let me share another(prenominal) persons dream while helping mesee mine. Piers Anthony taking me through his spellbinding Juxtaposition pass onedmy mind and revealed his dreams. I have held my grip on the excitement thatbrought me. I never feel as complete as when I visit another book. Theceaseless joy bonding my mind with another domain leads straight into addiction.Finishing a good story is akin withdrawal or the loss of a loved one. Someday aclinic may open in the name of helping readers come back without regret. Theregret of the book ending unveils the truth in the saying "parting is such sweetsorrow."     I harbor no doubt of the knowledge and abilities books shamelesslyimpart upon me. I wallow in it at every opport unity. Possessing an open mindnavigates me out of the viscid situations in life. When I meet a new person itI feel no difficulty in sharing ideas and making compromise. Reading a varietyof stories by a variety of authors contributed this. These authors take amasterpiece and thrown in some dastardly character that even a mystify like. Icompromise with the fiend for the sake of the whole book. I compromise with avile teacher for the sake of my education. Sticking with experiences instead of

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Romeo And Juliet - The Role Of Love :: essays research papers

The modern literature community recognizes Shakespeare as one of the most brilliant minds in the history of dramatic theatre. His unmatched ability to represent military personnel behavior and emotion makes the love in Romeo and Juliet the driving force behind the plays success. Shakespeare incorporated many different types of love in order to capture the black Maria of the Elizabeth Era.Juliets nurse shows amazing concern for the young girls well being. She, in some ways, takes the place of her natural mother ("Examples of Love in Romeo and Juliet"). Lady Capulet treated Juliet as a na&iumlve young girl with no knowledge and feelings of her own. Nurse recognized the maturity of Juliet and helped to make her truly content. During the entire traumatic cognize of arranging a marriage between Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the nurse aided the two young lovers in their quest to be together. She acts as a messenger from Romeo, Juliet, and the mendicant ("Examples of Love in Romeo and Juliet"). Despite the nurses efforts the plans go array because of the arranged marriage between Juliet and Paris. At this time, the nurse shows her love for Juliet once again. She goes to Juliets defense and stands up to professional Capulet by saying "God in heaven bless her/ You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so."(Act III, Scene 5, Line169-170). One is easily able to see the motherly trade the nurse shows for Juliet in Romeo and Juliet.The counterpart to the love nurse displays for Juliet as a "mother" is the fatherly love the Friar gives to Romeo. The prince dismisss Romeo because of his murder of Tybalt. This leaves the young man alone(predicate) and scared of his future. The only person available to aid Romeo in his sufferings is the Friar. He tells the fugitive "Arise, one knocks/ Good Romeo, hide thyself" (Act III, Scene 3, Line 71). This shows that Friar puts himself at risk in order to make certain no harm comes to Rom eo He provides insight to the situation at hand and helps Romeo to see the next stock of action. Another example of fatherly love was shown through Lord Capulet to Juliet. He saw that his daughter was in great grief over the death of Tybalt and the exile of her love Romeo. He lovingly tries to ease her remorse by finding a husband for Juliet. He presents the arrangement in an attempt to lighten the animate of his daughter

Fighting More Than the Blues: A Look into Depressive Disorders Essay

Fighting More Than the Blues A Look into Depressive Disorders This paper will accent on depressive disorders, and it will describe what they are, how they manifest themselves, what causes them and/or what makes certain individuals susceptible to the disorder as compared to others. This piece will also describe the most park treatment practices, and the effectiveness of these treatments. It will conclude by offering some testimonials from individuals who suffer from depressive disorders as well as some additional commentary active depressive disorders and their implications/challenges. What is depression? A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. A depressive disorder is exactly thata disorder therefore, people with a depressive illness cannot will themselves to get better they cant just pull themselves together. A depressive disorder requires treatment. (1) (Depression 1) Are there different types of depressive disorders? Depressive disorders bear off on different forms. There are three common types of depressive disorders. They are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Major depression is characterized by a combination of symptoms that substitute with an individuals ability to work, study, sleep, and eat. Symptoms include but are not limited to the following persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of guilt, helplessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, fatigue, appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating and weight gain, ... .... 2003. http//www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm2) Depression An Overview, Continuing Medical Education. 26 Oct. 2003. http//www.mhsource.com/depression/overview.html3) dealings with the Depths of Depression, Nordenberg, Liora. Dealing wit h the Depths of Depression. HealingWell.com. 26 Oct. 2003, pp 3-4. http//www.healingwell.com/library/depression/nordenberg1.asp4) Dealing with the Depths of Depression , Nordenberg, Liora. Dealing with the Depths of Depression. HealingWell.com. 26 Oct. 2003, pp 4-6. http//www.healingwell.com/library/depression/nordenberg1.asp5) Depression. National Institute of Mental Health http//www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm6) Melancholy Nation , Schrof, Joannie M, and Stacey Schultz. Melancholy Nation. U.S. News & World Report Archive. http//www.newjerusalem.com/archive-report.html

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Ottoman Architecture Essay -- Art, Islamic Architecture

There are few things that actually do last. Legends, arts, beliefs, and architecture are among the few that actually do last. Architecture can be defined as a practice of constructing and public figureing a building project. However, the Islamic architecture has a distinctive range of both religious and secular styles that have been influenced by the Islamic finis. Furthermore, The structure of Islamic architecture that is used in mosques, tombs, palaces and fountains is unavoidable in sight. The relationship between early Islamic architecture and innovational foundation of construction provides a penetrating overview of encompass of Islamic culture in Iran, Tunisia, India, and bomb calorimeter. However, Turkey was such a desirable region and preserved of the astonishing site of the structural design of the Ottoman Empire. Originally, the incredible mosques in Turkey have emerged from the wonders of Islamic art such as Suleimaniye Mosque. The sense of gorgeous decoration and qu otations from the Quran on the mosques interior walls is typically Islamic. The marvelous design of the Ottoman architectural design persists its flourishing in the present day with a combination of luxury and modern art. One of the best examples in modern life is Zabeel Saray Hotel in Dubai, which has the perfect harmony between the old Ottoman architecture and modern luxurious hotel. As the Ottoman Empire emerged, it brought up its admit distinctive touch on culture from literature, art, music and most importantly architecture. Ottoman architecture is considered a blend of Islamic Mamluk traditions, Byzantine architecture as well as Iranian architecture. Building techniques at that time were very advanced, architects were able to balance between inner and outer spaces in a... ...nd Polyurethane (a affection made from the foam of sea salt) ( Jumeirah organization, 2001). At the hotel entrance, a Tughra which is a symbol of an ottoman power was used as a part of an exterior de sign. Moreover, Jumeirah Zabeel Saray is a multifunctional hotel it consist of 10 restaurants, bars, 12 boutiques, conference rooms, Mehteran Theatre, and Talise Ottoman Spa that includes a relaxation area and a Turkish hammam ( Jumeirah organization, 2011). As Mahgoub (2009) mentioned, that air conditioned and supply covered buildings are considered symbols of modernity and civilization. Modern buildings have advanced safety measures that were not available during the Ottoman Empire. Such as onrush staircase, fire extinguishers and emergency exits. As a result, modern and old traditional architecture are combined to satisfy the demand of both new and old generations.

Ottoman Architecture Essay -- Art, Islamic Architecture

There be few things that actually do last. Legends, arts, beliefs, and computer architecture are among the few that actually do last. Architecture can be defined as a practice of constructing and designing a building project. However, the Islamic architecture has a classifiable range of both religious and secular styles that pretend been influenced by the Islamic culture. Furthermore, The structure of Islamic architecture that is used in mosques, tombs, palaces and fountains is indispensable in sight. The relationship between early Islamic architecture and modern foundation of construction provides a penetrating overview of encompass of Islamic culture in Iran, Tunisia, India, and Turkey. However, Turkey was such a desirable region and preserved of the astonishing site of the structural design of the quilt Empire. Originally, the incredible mosques in Turkey have emerged from the wonders of Islamic art such as Suleimaniye Mosque. The sense of gorgeous decoration and quotations fr om the Quran on the mosques interior walls is typically Islamic. The marvelous design of the Ottoman architectural design persists its flourishing in the present day with a combination of luxury and modern art. One of the best examples in modern flavour is Zabeel Saray Hotel in Dubai, which has the perfect harmony between the old Ottoman architecture and modern luxurious hotel. As the Ottoman Empire emerged, it brought up its own distinctive touch on culture from literature, art, music and most importantly architecture. Ottoman architecture is considered a blend of Islamic Mamluk traditions, Byzantine architecture as wellspring as Iranian architecture. Building techniques at that time were very advanced, architects were able to balance between inner and outer spaces in a... ...nd Polyurethane (a substance make from the foam of sea salt) ( Jumeirah organization, 2001). At the hotel entrance, a Tughra which is a symbol of an ottoman power was used as a part of an exterior design . Moreover, Jumeirah Zabeel Saray is a multifunctional hotel it exist of 10 restaurants, bars, 12 boutiques, conference rooms, Mehteran Theatre, and Talise Ottoman Spa that includes a relaxation area and a Turkish hammam ( Jumeirah organization, 2011). As Mahgoub (2009) mentioned, that air conditioned and glass cover buildings are considered symbols of modernity and civilization. Modern buildings have advanced safety measures that were not available during the Ottoman Empire. Such as fire staircase, fire extinguishers and pinch exits. As a result, modern and old traditional architecture are combined to satisfy the demand of both new and old generations.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Criminal Justice Reform Essay

A. I have a strong proposition for the California Legislatureand that is a strict and logical re get to the limn iniquitous Justice System in California.B. The California Legislature is to be commended for its stance on crime. Not for their get tough policies such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the 3 Strikes jurisprudence but for their enactment of a little known section of the Penal Code entitled the Community Based Punishment Act of 1994. (Senator Quentin Kopp, sequence cartridge Feb 14, 1996)C. By passage of this act, the State of California has acknowledged the limitations of imprisonment as both penalization and a deterrent to brutal behavior.D. The legislature has in event declared that Californias shepherds crook judge system is seriously out of balance in its heavy dependence upon prison facilities and jails for penalty and its wishing of appropriate penalization for non baseless offenders and substance abusers who could be successfully treated in appropriate, less restrictive programs without any extend in riskiness to the human raceII. More facts, Opinions and Developmental IdeasA. In essence, this law proposes a community based system of intermediate restrictions for non-violent offenders that f any between jail time and traditional probation such as home detention with electronic monitoring, boot camps, mandatory community avail and dupe counter, day reporting, and others.B. Pilot programs are to be developed as a collaborative effort between the state and counties requiring a community based plan describing the sanctions and services to be provided.C. A progress report on an actof this mixture would be made by the California Board of Corrections on January 1, 1997 and annually thitherafter to selected legislative committees.III. InformativesA. It seems clear that the California Legislature has decided that imprisonment is not appropriate for many criminal offenses and that alternative sanctions are preferable for non-violent offe nders. (Randy Meyer, Political Official)B. But while this approach is to be applauded, its spreading prevents the fulfilment of its true up potential.C. By retaining those non-violent offenders that are currently in state prison and continuing to pursue defensive punishment at the local level in the form of short term shock captivity and bootcamps, the costly and ineffective methods of criminal behavior correction remain intact. (Charles Calderon-US News)D. By immediately eliminating incarceration for all non-violent offenses and requiring victim compensation and community service, resources can be committed to preventing crime rather than to the feeding and housing of offenders.E. This is consistent with the findings of the legislature and is cost efficient, requires minimal general change, and increases world safety and security.IV. The ProposalA. Our current criminal justice system appears to be based upon the Old Testament proverb that your eye shall not condolence it sha ll be feeling for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. Revenge thus plays a part of the punishment model.(LA Official Boland)From a societal standpoint, we expect punishment to prevent the offender and others from further criminal behavior. Incarceration of offenders as the punishment of choice thus theoretically provides vindicate, individualincapacitation, and restriction.But I submit that such a philosophic foundation is flawed. Revenge while understandable from an individual human perspective is not a proper basis for societys response to the misbehavior of its laws. This human urge to punish should be removed from the current system and replaced with methods of restrictions that utilize the offenders potential to benefit his victim and society at large.In other words, in a free society the end desired is the correction of behavior that utilizes the least force . This conforms to the principles of circumscribed government, faculty, reduced cost , and ain freedom as advocated by both liberals and conservatives alike.The basic underlying concept of this proposal is that incarceration should be reserved for those who are violent and thus unplayful to the public. Violent crimes would be defined broadly to include any act or attempt to injure the person of another neglect by accident. This would because range from murder to driving under the influence with current distinctions of misdemeanor and felony offenses remaining in place.The court sentencing procedures would also be limited to exclude incarceration for non-violent crimes with an emphasis on victim restitution and community service. The court would maybe rely on probation reports to provide the necessary offender individualised history including employment, chore skills (or lack of), and private resources, e.g. bank accounts, property ownership, etc. Based on this information, the court would apply the appropriate sentence of victim restitution and community serv ice with close monitoring by probation officials.As with all human endeavors, compliance by offenders would roughly likely not be ascorbic acid%. The threat of incarceration would have to exist for those failing to submit to or comply with court ordered repayment and public service. Many will not agree with this receivable to the complexity and in many character references there can be more harm done then it could be beneficial. But for the some part thereis no reason to believe that the failure rate would be any gameyer under this type of system than is currently the caseV. ConclusionThis proposal provides a policy alternative to the current criminal justice emphasis on incarceration as punishment. It is based on the enclose of effectiveness and cost efficiency with a high regard for individual liberty that is essential to a free society. It moves away from the concept of punishment and focuses on a more operable goal of victim and societal repayment. The proposal offers pr evention at the front end rather than repayment at the seat end of crime reducing efforts.The advantages of such a system are numerous. One of the close to important assets of a revision of this kind is that of allowing for a major(ip) change in the criminal justice system with a minimum of disruption to the status quo. Rather than requiring an entire systemic change, this proposal works inwardly the current practices of the court, police, and corrections. Indeed, very few authorized changes would have to be made.Enactment of this proposal would eliminate the need for future bond measures for prison construction. Not all would it save taxpayer money, it would be most advantageous to the remaining employees of the California Department of Corrections by allowing for the closure of outdated and unsafe facilities. In addition, unemployment could be kept to a minimum by offering qualified state correctional incumbents employment with local law enforcement agencies.It is time now t o look beyond revenge and the emotionalism associated with current justice system practices.There is only one practical method of reducing crime and the subsequent publics guardianship and that is by dint of a high level of police presence on the street.(Randy Meyer, M.A.)In essence, this revision allows for a return of the local neighborhood police officer who is familiar with its residents and business owners.In the final analysis, our very freedom depends on how we treat societys criminals and misfits. By continuing to create a criminal class that has not been rehabilitated through incarceration, we are ultimately sabotaging our own security. Maybe with this we can have a means of reversing the trend of incarceration as punishment while increasing our personal safety and diminishing the fear that is rampant among us.QUICK FACTS*The current California prison population is 135,133 and is expected to increase to closely 148,600 by June 30,1996 per the California Department of Cor rections.*42.1% of these inmates are incarcerated for violent offenses, 25.3% for property offenses, 26.2% for drugs, and 6.4% for other.*Average yearly cost per inmate, $21,885 and per parolee, $2,110.*California Department of Corrections cypher for 1995-1996 $3.4 billion proposed budget for 1996-1997 for both Corrections and Youth Authority $4.1 billion. This compares to $1.6 billion for community colleges and $4.8 billion for higher education.*California Legislative Analysist Elizabeth Hill advised on February 26, 1996 that 24 refreshed prisons will need to be built by the year 2005 to keep pace with the incarceration rate. This will cost taxpayers $7 billion for their construction and increase operating costs to $6 billion annually.*California Attorney General Dan Lungren announced on March 12, 1996 that the number of homicides reported in 1995 in the most populated two-thirds of the state had declined 3.1%, rape 3.9%, robbery 7.9%, aggravated assault 4.2%,burglary 8.9%, and v ehicle theft, 11.4% (San Jose Mercury News, 3/13/96). This is consistent with a 5% decline in the national violent crime rate for the first half of 1995 per the FBI.MANUSCRIPTAn analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center on new-made and CriminalJustice in San Francisco, CA, in Nov, 1995 indicates that since the enactment ofCalifornias Three Strikes law two years ago, 192 have struck out for cannabispossession, compared to 40 for murder, 25 for rape, and 24 for kidnapping.I have a strong proposition for the California Legislatureand that is a strict and logical reform to the present Criminal Justice System in California. The California Legislature is to be commended for its stance on crime. Not for their get tough policies such as the Three Strikes law but for their enactment of a little known section of the Penal Code entitled the Community Based Punishment Act of 1994. (Senator Quentin Kopp, Time Magazine Feb 14, 1996). By passage of this act, the State of Californi a has acknowledged the limitations of incarceration as both punishment and a deterrent to criminal behavior. The legislature has in fact declared that Californias criminal justice system is seriously out of balance in its heavy dependence upon prison facilities and jails for punishment and its lack of appropriate punishment for nonviolent offenders and substance abusers who could be successfully treated in appropriate, less restrictive programs without any increase in danger to the publicIn essence, this law proposes a community based system of intermediate restrictions for non-violent offenders that fall between jail time and traditional probation such as home detention with electronic monitoring,boot camps, mandatory community service and victim restitution, day reporting, and others. Pilot programs are to be developed as a collaborative effort between the state and counties requiring a community based plan describing the sanctions and services to be provided. A progress report on an actof this kind would be made by the California Board of Corrections on January 1, 1997 and annually thereafter to selected legislative committees.It seems clear that the California Legislature has determined that incarceration is not appropriate for many criminal offenses and that alternative sanctions are preferable for non-violent offenders. (Randy Meyer, Political Official). But while this approach is to be applauded, its spreading prevents the fulfillment of its true potential. By retaining those non-violent offenders that are currently in state prison and continuing to pursue defensive punishment at the local level in the form of short term shock incarceration and bootcamps, the costly and ineffective methods of criminal behavior correction remain intact. (Charles Calderon-US News).By immediately eliminating incarceration for all non-violent offenses and requiring victim compensation and community service, resources can be committed to preventing crime rather than to the feeding and housing of offenders. This is consistent with the findings of the legislature and is cost efficient, requires minimal systemic change, and increases public safety and security.Our current criminal justice system appears to be based upon the Old Testament proverb that your eye shall not pity it shall be life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. Revenge thus plays a part of the punishment model.(LA Official Boland). From a societal standpoint, we expect punishment to prevent the offender and others from further criminal behavior. Incarceration of offenders as the punishment of choice thus theoretically provides revenge, individual incapacitation, and restriction.But I submit that such a philosophical foundation is flawed. Revenge while understandable from an individual human perspective is not a proper basisfor societys response to the misbehavior of its laws. This human urge to punish should be removed from the current system and replaced with methods of restrictions that utilize the offenders potential to benefit his victim and society at large.In other words, in a free society the end desired is the correction of behavior that utilizes the least force . This conforms to the principles of limited government, efficiency, reduced cost, and personal freedom as advocated by both liberals and conservatives alike.The basic underlying concept of this proposal is that incarceration should be reserved for those who are violent and thus dangerous to the public. Violent crimes would be defined broadly to include any act or attempt to injure the person of another except by accident. This would therefore range from murder to driving under the influence with current distinctions of misdemeanor and felony offenses remaining in place.The court sentencing procedures would also be modified to exclude incarceration for non-violent crimes with an emphasis on victim restitution and community service. The court would maybe rely on probat ion reports to provide the necessary offender personal history including employment, job skills (or lack of), and personal resources, e.g. bank accounts, property ownership, etc. Based on this information, the court would apply the appropriate sentence of victim restitution and community service with close monitoring by probation officials.As with all human endeavors, compliance by offenders would most likely not be 100%. The threat of incarceration would have to exist for those failing to submit to or comply with court ordered repayment and public service. Many will not agree with this due to the complexity and in many cases there can be more harm done then it could be beneficial. But for the most part there is no reason to believe that the failure rate would be any higher under this type of system than is currently the caseThis proposal provides a policy alternative to the current criminal justiceemphasis on incarceration as punishment. It is based on the premise of effectiveness and cost efficiency with a high regard for individual liberty that is essential to a free society. It moves away from the concept of punishment and focuses on a more functional goal of victim and societal repayment. The proposal offers prevention at the front end rather than repayment at the back end of crime reduction efforts.The advantages of such a system are numerous. One of the most important assets of a revision of this kind is that of allowing for a major change in the criminal justice system with a minimum of disruption to the status quo. Rather than requiring an entire systemic change, this proposal works within the current practices of the court, police, and corrections. Indeed, very few authorized changes would have to be made.Enactment of this proposal would eliminate the need for future bond measures for prison construction. Not only would it save taxpayer money, it would be most advantageous to the remaining employees of the California Department of Corrections by allo wing for the closure of outdated and unsafe facilities. In addition, unemployment could be kept to a minimum by offering qualified state correctional officers employment with local law enforcement agencies.It is time now to look beyond revenge and the emotionalism associated with current justice system practices.There is only one practical method of reducing crime and the subsequent publics fear and that is through a high level of police presence on the street.(Randy Meyer, M.A.)In essence, this revision allows for a return of the local neighborhood police officer who is familiar with its residents and business owners.In the final analysis, our very freedom depends on how we treat societys criminals and misfits. By continuing to create a criminal class that has notbeen rehabilitated through incarceration, we are ultimately sabotaging our own security. Maybe with this we can have a means of reversing the trend of incarceration as punishment while increasing our personal safety and di minishing the fear that is rampant among us.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Warren Buffett

rabbit warren Buffett There are earthy ways to describe Warren Buffett such as genius, silk hat investor of all time, down to earth, and full of wisdom. Buffett is the second richest man on the planet and still seems to come off as an average person. He is a primordial of Omaha, Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for his undergraduate degree. Buffett attended Columbia of the Ivy League for his graduate degree. He has been very generous with his wealth, which is estimated to be worth $40 billion.When Warren Buffett was 25 years old, he began a limited partnership with his close family and friends. His original capital was estimated just over $100,000, over the next decade he added partners who brought money with them for him to invest. He did not have a year in which his bon ton did not make money that decade and in return was stipendiary 25% of the profits. Once his partnership dissolved, he began distributing shares of Berkshire Hathaway. Long story short, Buffett has taken Berkshire Hathaway from $7 per hare to $103,000 today and owns over 65 companies. The most recent company Buffett purchased was Burlington Northern for $34 billion, which is the biggest acquisition of his life. By purchasing Burlington Northern, Buffett is betting on the United States economy making a comeback. Moving materials by railroad is much more cost effective than by trucks. Buffett is a man who has many followers and he has given hope to people by making this encounter on America.Warren Buffett plans to give away 85% of his fortune to charities and foundations, most of it going to the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation. He is a truly generous man and cares deeply about the people of America. Buffett will go down in history forever because of his brilliant investing but will be remembered by many around the country for what he gave back to it. References 1. CNN Money. 25 June 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. . 2. About. com. 2009. Web. 25 Nov. 2009. . 3. Los Ange les Times. 4 Nov. 2009. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. .

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Reaction Paper: Children of Heaven

The movie Children of Heaven is about the life of All and Sahara, two children who come from an impoverished, Muslim family. All loses his sisters only pair of school station, and this story is of how the two keep it a secret from their parents, and all the things they do to keep it hidden. To me, this shows how something thats insignifi arseholet to one(a) person, can be a big deal to someone else. Take this situation, if I were to lose my shoes, or if they got worn out, I would simply buy another pair.For others though, if their one pair of shoes got destroyed, they would repair it until it was held together entirely by glue and thread. Throwing it away would be out of the question to them. This movie make me reevaluate my life, it made me wonder about the things I was ungrateful for, for all the things I take for granted sleeping on a mattress instead of a floor, having more shoes than I need, and having money to spare on trivial things like ice cream and whatever else caught my fancy.The movie showed me to appreciate the life I was even, and to show kindness to the less fortunate, to never turn a poor man away, because he may have faced the same problems those children faced. It also taught me the value of hard work. reclaim now, I dont have to lift a finger, my parents pay for everything I have. One day though, Im going to have to earn a living, and this movie showed me how some population do so much for so little. It taught me that Im going to have to work hard to get what I need to survive alone in this world, much like how the father of All and Sahara had to garden to feed his family.

Friday, May 24, 2019

1920s Fashion Abstract

1920s Fashion Abstract The Roaring 1920s, was a period in America of social evolution. thither were changes in the areas of transportation, music, art, dance, and even language just toname a few areas. Fashion endured the most dramatic changes in many phases. There were changes in dress and medical dressing techniques. Hairstyles and products took a turn for the better as well. As a result, many of the citizens who were able to reach new heights in dress and hair traffic pattern also acquired a new attitude to accompany the new styles in fashion.Many of the elegant and expensive sacraments shared today by the modern middle class are direct results of the changes of the 1920s. The results of a horrid World War I were that America entered a period of prosperity. With the stock market flourishing and women entering the manpower there was room to expand other thanfinancially. Clothing changed with the society. The conservative dress code of women was tweaked, and sportswear became a n orm for working women. Shorter and more maneuverable attire became available for active women.Clothing that revealed skin gave women a sense of liberation. As skirts became shorter, necklaces, particularly strings of pearls, became longer. Tan or flesh colored stockings was made popular. stately wear for men included tail coats for tuxedos, and cummerbunds. The tuxedos either had rolled collars faced in silk or notched collars. Wide leg trousers and tweed jackets were introduced for men as well. Children were also impacted during this era of fashion reform.Spotted cotton dresses and suspenders were incorporated to be worn by children. Many geometric forms and shapes were implemented into the designs of 1920s clothing, to total a level of flamboyance. Children were also impacted during this era of fashion reform. Spotted cotton dresses and suspenders were incorporated to be worn by children. Fashion had the biggest impact on womens liberation through hairstyle. The biggest impact came with the event of women thinningting their hair for a shorter hairstyle.For some families it was a problem for the wife or daughter to cut their hair, it was not considered motherly. However, with women adapting to more active lives, the shorter haircut saw an increase in the number of women wearing it. Many of these women wore hats to accompany their short hairstyle. The premier hairstyles included the BOB, riff waves, and marcel waves. Many of the bob hairstyles were configured to fit with the womans face. I noticed that many of these hairstyles were not done with black hair in mind.Never the less, black women were able to adapt to these styles in the years following. Fashion has always been influenced by the mode of transportation, the architecture of the period, cultivation of the earth and the customs of the people, as it was in the 1920s. Clothing developed closer relationships with art, kinetics and an increased sense of freedom with carefully selected fabrics, and an intelligent use of color. Beautifully coordinated and accessorized outfits were a sign of 1920s ladies fashions.Hats, shoes, stockings, handbags, dresses and jewelry all came together in harmony to create a unique and elegant style that can only be appreciated when seen in real-life or. Men and children also saw a fashion shift. More importantly the fashion movement of the 1920s was a symbol in the liberation of womens rights. Bibliography All historical information derived from the following Text book How to make you own 1920s dress tirocchi. stg. brown. edu/514/story/fashion_twenties. html www. 1920-30. com/fashion/hairstyles www. kaboodle. com/reviews. model_behavior_1920s www. oldmagazinearticles. com

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Police Perception In My Community Essay

INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE connection Oriented Policing is a philosophy and not a specific tactic, It is a proactive, depennyralized approach, designed to reduce law-breaking, disorder, and by extension, fear of crime, by intensely involving the same officer in the same partnership on a long-term basis, so that residents wholly in allow develop trust to cooperate with legal philosophy by providing information and assistance to achieve those three crucial goals (Trojanowicz and Carter,1988) The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement roleplay of 1994 (Crime Act) is widely recognized as a signifi commodet milestone in participation policing. It was intended by President Clinton and Attorney General Reno as the changing of policing. The legislation provided the funding vehicle for an additional cytosine,000 legal philosophy officers to boost law enforcement efforts in a climate of nationwide anxiety ab prohibited crime. The Act gave the smirch of residential area Oriented P olicing Services (OCOPS) the task of supporting a major drive toward rooting community policing in solid foundations to become the prevailing orthodoxy in American law enforcement.(Nicholl, 1999)Law Enforcement Agencies throughout the country look to Office of Community Oriented Policing Services to improve their own run. According to OCOPS, Community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of patrol services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community eng termment, and partnerships. The community policing mould balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving pennyered on the causes of crime and disorder. Community policing requires law of nature and citizens to join together as partners in the course of both identifying and efficaciously addressing these issues. It is important to note then the opens Perception of the practice of law is an essential elemen t for the success of Community Policing-based strategies. Throughout the country, studies find been make that correlate law Perception and Community Policing.During the past 20 socio-economic classs, there has been an expanding body of research examining citizens attitudes toward the patrol. Most of this research has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less economic aid has been focused on the reasons why citizens hold certain attitudes (Frank et al,2005)The reference then, as a member of the Chesterfield jurisprudence part, has a special interest in Community Policing and natural law Perception, most especially in his own community. This research them aims to study Police Perception specially in the Community of Chesterfield townsfolk, a part of The County of Macomb in the state of clams.It is worth mentioning that The Chesterfield Police Department s aim is embodied in its mission statement it is committed to providing the high est quality of public service and crime prevention while maintaining the publics respect and protecting the rights and dignity of everyone. The Chesterfield Police Department is devote to strong community sexual intercourseships while providing a good environment to enhance the quality of life for our citizens and visitors, which is very much in line with the concept of Community Policing.This is further supported by this Police Departments value statement , abbreviated as POLICE, which includes developing an everlasting PARTNERSHIP amidst the Community, having a dedicated to the OATH of protecting and serving all people ,recognizing the importance of all Department members and Citizens, treating each otherwise with fairness, LOYALTY and respect , maintaining the highest degree of INTEGRITY, being responsible and account subject for their own actions and decisions , believing that COOPERATION and team pee-pee testament enable them to achieve all goals of this Department and ha ving a commitment to EXCELLENCE in the performance of their duties (http//www.chesterfieldtownshippolice.com/values.htm) The Chesterfield Police Departments Mission and Value statements assign the same elements with the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services which aims to help law enforcement agencies implement and enhance community policing, defined as a policing philosophy that promotes and supports organisational strategies to address the causes and reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and police-community partnerships. (C.O.P.S. http//www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=36/ ) Chesterfield town is located in Macomb County, Michigan and encompasses an nation of approximately 26 square miles. The population at the 2000 census was 37,004. This increased to 446,962 in the year 2006. (Muller, 2006) The Township was established in 1842 and became a Charter Township in 1989 by Resolution. (Pall, 2002) In Chesterfield, The number of viol ent crimes recorded by the FBI in 2003 was 28. The number of murders and homicides was 1. The violent crime rate was 0.7 per 1,000 people.Meanwhile, in the whole Macomb county, of which Chesterfield is included, a total of 22,395 were reported for the year 2000 , a majority of reports were for Larceny and Motor vehicle theft. Sixteen of the reports for that year were on murder, 309 for rape and 384 reports on robbery for that year (Federal Bureau of Investigation to the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, University of Michigan) It is in from ground then that the author gathered entropy for the completion of this research steer by feedback from other researches undertaken on Police Perception of the community such as these Gathering data on crime and community policing at the local level not only supplements our national data, but also allows local officials to identify their particular crime control requirements, said Bureau of Justice Statistics film director Jan Chaik en. As part of the Justice Departments emphasis on police controling with residents in their neighborhoods, we are giving local law enforcement agencies tools to learn more about crimes and public opinion that may not be reported to the police.Community policing is a crime fighting strategy that encourages law enforcement to work in partnership with the community to solve crime problems. The high degree of citizen support for Americas neighborhood police officers is a testament to the dedicated men and women who work day in and day out to establish relationships with residents in their communities, said Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder. These relationships help citizens and police work together to promote community safety. (Smith et al, 1999) In light of these statements, this research was undertaken to determine the Police Perception in the Community of Chesterfield Township, whether it is positivist or negative through the use of a Police Perception survey adapted from earli er studies made by other police department in certain cities, particularly Portland (Campbell De long, 2005) , Pasadena (Police Assessment Resource condense, 2006). Chicago (The Chicago Community Policing military rating Consortium, 2004) and Kentucky (Kentucky Crime Prevention Coalition) it also aims to provide demographic breakdown of survey responsives in relation to their Police Perception in Chesterfield Township. Such information will enable the Chesterfield Police Department to continue living out their mission statement and exist the philosophy of Community Policing by either maintaining or improving their performance based on their communitys police experience, as will be determined by the survey done for this study. It is the hope of this author that this research will also lead to the initiation of other studies concerning his community and the other areas in the County of Macomb, and even the State of Michigan to further improve the Police Departments public service performance to ensure the safety of the citizens.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThe vagary of examining Police Perception is not new. The communitys perception of the police department has been linked to the success of police programs to promote safety in the neighborhood. A study made by Gallagher. Et al in 2001, summarizes the studies made regarding Police Image and Communitys perception of the Police in a The Public Image of the Police Final Report to The International Association of Chiefs of Police. Research findings point out that Polls of the adult population in the United States since the mid-sixties show that the majority of the public has an over-all positive view of the police. Depending on the year and the particular measure used, the portionage of respondents with a positive mind of police has been between 51 and 81 percent. When asked to assess service to their own neighborhoods, respondents tend to produce even higher evaluations. Relatively few citizens offer a negat ive assessment of police. (Gallagher et al. 2001). Research also recognizes that Police Perception has a great impact on the success of the promulgation of Community Policing. Trojanowicz & Carter( 1991) discuss the philosophy and role of community policing. It points out that Community Policings unique contribution is a radical departure from the past and the present. While todays community policing efforts retain the go around elements of the foot patrol programs of the past, they are intended to avoid both the old systems abuses and shortcomings. In Community Policing, Community Justice, and Restorative Justice Exploring the link for the Delivery of a Balanced Approach to Public Safety Nicholl in 1999 with a report funded by Grant No. 98-CK-WX-0059 awarded to the National Victim Center by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. It discusses the concept of Community extensively, in a policy-makers perspective.Liou & Savage make the connect ion between Community Policing Strategies and Public Perception of Police through their research Citizen Perception of Community Policing ImpactThis study examines the impact of community policing by analyzing citizens perception of crime and police work before and after implementation of a community-oriented policing program in three neighborhoods in the city of West Palm Beach, Florida. The study reveals very positive findings about the community policing, including perception of decreased local crime, increased perception of police performance, neighborhood improvement, and police-community relationship. Implications concerning the relationship between the community and the police, and citizen satisfaction and public services are discussed.( Liou & Savage)Many other studies have been done to examine Police perception and these take into consideration different variables, being done in versatile settings. Frank, Smith and Novak (2005) focused on the reasons why citizens have cert ain attitudes towards police officer. Their study uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a Midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when responding to questions regarding their general and specific attitudes toward the police. The findings suggest that citizens focus on attributes of agencies and encounters, some focus on the behavior of officers during interactions, and others base their attitudes on general perceptions of the occupation of policing. A world-wide look at Police perception issues can be found in Brown & Benedicts article Perceptions of the police Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications which is a research updates and expands upon Deckers article Citizen attitudes toward the police a review of past findings and suggestions for future policy by summarizing the findings from more than 100 articles on perceptions of and attitudes toward the police.Initially, the value of research on attitudes toward the police is discussed. Then the research pertaining to the impact of individual level variables (e.g. race) and contextual level variables (e.g. neighborhood) on perceptions of the police is reviewed. Studies of juveniles attitudes toward the police, perceptions of police policies and practices, methodological issues and conceptual issues are also discussed. This review of the literature indicates that only four variables (age, contact with police, neighborhood, and race) have consistently been proven to affect attitudes toward the police. (Brown & Benedict,2002) In legal injury of application, several police departments have made their own studies on Police Perception. Community Policing in Chicago an Evaluation of Chicagos Alternative Policing system Prepared by The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium was done in through a grant awarded to award to the Illinois Criminal Justice selective information Authority in 2004. The Portland Police Bureau 2005 Community Ass essment Survey was conducted forCity of Portland, Bureau of Police by Campbell de long resources Inc in August 2005Police Assessment Resource Center and Vera Institute of Justice completed Assessing Police-Community Relations in Pasadena, California in 2006 . The Kentucky Crime Prevention Coalition, meanwhile, adapted the use of a Community Policing Survey. hypothesisH0= thither is no significant circumstances of Chesterfield Residents who have a have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police DepartmentH1= There is a significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who Have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police DepartmentMETHODOLOGY Taking into consideration the limitations in man military force and resources for this research, a simple random sampling method was applied to come up with the survey results. ground on the calculation for a 95 per cent confidence level and confidence interval of five, the takek size was 275. The survey was conducted by distributi ng survey forms in several households around the Township of Chesterfield. Respondents were limited to Chesterfield residents supra 18 years of age. Only one respondent per household was accepted. These survey forms, consisting of eight simple questions pertaining to the residents perception of the police, which was based on survey forms used by other Police Departments as stated in the literature review. Only eight questions were included in the survey, because these questions focused on Police Perception. This is due to the scope and resource limitation stated earlier. A copy of this questionnaire is included in the appendix section of this paper This studys objective is to present data about Police Perception of the residents of the Township of Chesterfield in Macomb County in the State of Michigan. This research is done to show that the general perception of police in the sample population perceive the police positively. The sample size was 275 respondents in the township of Che sterfield, which has a population of 446,962 in the latest census in the year 2006. ground on a confidence level of 95 and a confidence interval of 5, the sample size is sufficient to estimate the response of this community regarding their perception of the Chesterfield Police Department. Figure 1 shows the demographic breakdown of respondents by race. More than half of the respondents were Caucasians, which also reflected the actual population of Caucasians, 93 % of Chesterfield population, in the 2000 Census made by the US Census Bureau. In the sample population, 61 per cent was composed of Caucasian or white residents. Other races composes 14.5 percent and 12 percent were of African-American descent. Asians comprised 5.5 per cent and 4.4 % of sample population were Hispanics/Latino. Meanwhile, 1.1 per cent was American Indians and Pacific islanders compose on 0.7 per cent. Based on these figures, it can be surmised that the Chesterfield Township was preponderantly Caucasian, in terms of the population. The relationship of this data to the results concerning Police Perception will be discussed later. The study only included residents who were 18 years old of age and above. The data shows that majority of respondents were from the 18-29 age group, with a percentage of 39 of the sample population. The age group with the least number of respondents was that of residents 50-59 years old, representing only 9 per cent of the sample population. This signifies that the Chesterfield township has fairly young residents, as seen by the larger percentage of those below middle age. Given the limited man power and resources, the author opt to estimate Police Perception using only eight questions adapted from other studies stated earlier. The first three questions were on how the community sensed police officers, based on their encounters. The fourth question estimated the residents opinion about the adequacy of the number of police officers in the community. The fifth, sixth and seventh questions estimated residents perception of police based on three parameters- behavior, exponent to assess needs and relationship of police officers to residents themselves. The last question asked the residents to give their over-all perception by indicating their rating for the Chesterfield Township Police Department. Figure 3 Police Perception Responses in Chesterfield Township Community shows the relationships of responses of residents to the first three survey questions. As evident in the chart, answers for the questions on police perception based on encounters follow a similar pattern, indicating that most respondents agree that police officers are prompt, professional and fair. Figure 4 represents the respondents opinion on the need for more police officers in the community. Based on the results gathered, majority, 36.4 per cent , slightly agree that there is a need for more police officers in the community. As a whole, though, it can be seen that more resi dents disagreed and strongly disagreed, 14.5 and 7.3 per cent respectively, that there was further need for more police presence as compared to respondents who agreed,9.1 per cent, and strongly agreed,1.8 per cent to the augmentation of police visibility. With regard to the Chesterfield communitys perception of Police based on three parameters, their responses follow a similar trend, as evident in Figure 5. In terms of behavior, 49 . 5 per cent rated police frank. 32. 7 % gave Chesterfield police officers a rating of excellent. decorous was how 14. 5 per cent rated police in the community while 3.6 per cent did not know how to answer this question. In their ability to address the need of the community, Chesterfield police officers were again rated Good by 54 . 5 per cent of the residents. An Excellent rating was given by 29.1 per cent, while Fair was what 11. 6 per cent deemed appropriate. There were 4.7 per cent of the population, though, that didnt know how to rate their police officers. When it comes to relationships between Chesterfield residents and their communitys police, majority, 43.6 per cent chose to rate this, as Good, Fair was give as rating by 27. 3 per cent of the population and 21.8 gave an Excellent mark. There were 7.3 residents, though that were still unsure how to rate the Chesterfield communitys relationship with its police officers. Based on this information, Police perception in the areas specified were rated Good by a majority of Chesterfield residents. This point out a positive view of the townships police officers. In relation to this positive response, the over-all rating of Chesterfield township community residents is seen in Figure 6. However, here, we see a shift of the rating from Good to Fair. Apparently, most residents, 40.4 per cent particularly, perceive the Chesterfield Police Departments performance as Fair. Thirty two per cent believe that the townships police deserve a good rating. Approximately 25 per cent believe thei r Police force is ExcellentHYPOTHESIS TESTING This limitation of this study has been presented in the previous chapters. It is important to reiterate that this is mainly, a descriptive study. However, for research purposes, the Hypothesis that There is a significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who Have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department has been stated, with its corresponding null hypothesis There is no significant lower percentage of Chesterfield Residents who have a have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department. Based on the data presented, there is evidence to believe that on all eight questions, the communitys police perception leaned towards a positive image of the members of the Chesterfield Police department. Although specific statistical tools were not applied on the data, the descriptive statistics show that the Hypothesis should be accepted and the null hypothesis are rejected.CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS This study aims to observe the Chesterfield communitys perception of its police officers. Based on the data present, it is evident that most residents of this community hold a positive perception of their police officers. Descriptive Statistics show evidence of these, based on the percentages of positive responses. This study, however is simplistic and there are a lot about Police perception these communities that should be evaluated so that they are translated into information that can improve the services of the Police Department. The data gathered for this research however, can be a guide to others who will pursue such inquiry on Police Perception and who are interested in this area as a means on evaluation of Community Policing Programs, much like what other police departments have done in their respective communities. It is important to point out, however, that more resource be invested in such an endeavor to be able to come up with data that is comprehensive and more accurate. It is the hope of this author, though that this simple research has given a glimpse of the Chesterfields communitys perception of its police officers, and serve as a spring board to more advanced and relevant research.REFERENCESAnnan, Sampson O.(1995) NATIONAL SURVEY OF COMMUNITYPOLICING STRATEGIES, 1992-1993 Computer file. ICPSR version. Washington, DC The Police Foundation producer, 1994. Ann Arbor, MI Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research distributor,Brown, B. & Benedict W. (2002) Perceptions of the police Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25,543 580Campbell Delong Resources, Inc.(2005) Portland Police Bureau 2005 Community AssessmentSurvey Conducted for City of Portland, Bureau of Police RETRIVED 27 APRIL 2008from http//www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=105839Chesterfield, Michigan. Podunk, The Power of Place retrieved 29 April 2008from h ttp//www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=21700Frank, J, Smith, B.W., Novak, K.J. (2005)Exploring the Basis of Citizens Attitudes Toward the Police Police Quarterly 8, 206-228Gallagher, Maguire, E., Mastrofski, S., Reisig, D.(2001) The Public Image of the Police Final Report to The International Association of Chiefs of Police By The Administration of Justice Program George mason University. International Association of Chiefs of Police retrieved on 28 April 2008 from http//theiacp.org/profassist/ethics/public_image.htLiou,K.T.& Savage,E.G. Citizen Perception of Community Policing Impact Public Administration and Management An Interactive Journal. Retrieved on 28 April 2008 from http//www.pamij.com/liou1.htmlMission Statement. 2007. Chesterfield Township Police Department, retrieved 27 April 2008from http//www.chesterfieldtownshippolice.com/mission.htmNicholl, Caroline G. (1999).Community Policing, Community Justice, and Restorative Justice Exploring the Links for the De livery of a BalancedApproach to Public Safety. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services,Police Assessment Resource Center & Vera Institute of Justice. (2006)Assessing Police-Community Relations in Pasadena, California. retrieved on 28 April 2008 from http//www.parc.info/client_files/Pasadena/Assessing%20Police%20Community%20Relations%20in%20Pasadena%20California.pdfScaglion , R. & Condon, R. (1980) Determinants Of Attitudes Toward City Police. Criminology 17, 485494Sims, B., Hooper,M., Peterson S.A. (2002) Determinants of citizens attitudes toward police Results of the Harrisburg Citizen Survey 1999 Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 457 471The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium ( 2004 ) CAPS at Ten Community Policing in Chicago An Evaluation of Chicagos Alternative Policing Strategy. Institute for Police Research retrieved 27 April 2008 from http//www.northwestern.edu/ipr/publi cations/policing_papers/Yr10-CAPSeval.pdfTrojanowicz R.C. & Carter, D. The Philosophy and Role of Community Policing. The National Center for Community Policing, Michigan State University. retrieved on 28 April 2008. fromhttp//www1.cj.msu.edu/people/cp/cpphil.html

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Anh Van

So tourism is considered smokeless industry is more profitable. In addition, traveling solve a part of unemployment. According to humans Tourism and Travel Council, in Vietnam. Employees directly involved in the tourism sector Is 1. 397 million people, about 3% of the total national labor. Thus integrity large labor is not unemployed, save some pressure for the government. Finally, traveling contributed to introduce the country and people of Vietnam. When more people travel to Vietnam, they will sack up that Vietnam Is a country with many beautiful sign and safety.Then, theyll introduce Vietnam to their friend, their relatives. , and the more people will travel to Vietnam. In short, solving a part of unemployment, increase economic profit and contributing to Introduce the country and people of Vietnam argon three reason of the impact of traveling. So we should invest more for traveling to encouragement economy. Topic what are some factor causing sample and how to cope with stress . Today, society is growing, and more and more workload. And human usually face stress. There are many causes of stress such as continuous working, environmental illusion. O we should take measures to cope with stress as regular exercise, participate In integrity of the entertainment activities. Continuous working Is a major cause of stress. Works which present the specific characteristics require employees to work continuously as nurses, soldiers, police . In addition, a number of people waning to make more money so they should work continuously such as teachers, information technology, business. So, unintentional, we create stress for ourselves. Besides, environmental pollution also contribute to our stress. Many of our very t OffSo that coping with stress, firstly we need to exercise regularly. This functions us to relax after work, and help us calm down when we encounter difficult situations. Furthermore, we should participate in one of the entertainment activities such as pl aying computer game, watching TV Sometimes, we can go out or go drinking with friends. In short, continuous working and environmental pollution are major cause of stress, so we should regular exercise or participate in one of the entertainment activities which can help us to cope with stress. Naturally, in each case, we will have suitable measure.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

My Chemical Romance.

My chemical coquet. Gerard, Mikey and Frank all had drug problems. Mikey and Gerard, on top of that had alcohol problems. They got themselves better. They knew no unitary else could help them. What encouraged them to get better? Themselves, and the music. Ray had the absolutely awful job of having to watch them go through all of this, on top of him trying to be the perfect guitarist. Frank would do drugs over the weekend, and wake up on Monday not knowing anything that had happened. Mikey felt depressed alongside Gerard, and before shows they would severely drink together to try and relieve the stress. Im gonna get better. Gerard Way. Gerard had attempted suicide, which is not the place anyone wants to be. He called up his manager, Brian, and told him. Came out to him about everything, the drinking the drugs and how he has a problem. Brian had to talk him out of suicide while on the complete other side of the world to Gerard, until Gerard woke up the tour manager and they spok e together, until Gerard passed out. Ray was credibly first to let Gerard know he had a bad, bad problem. Ray told him he needed help, and within 17 days of Gerard understanding that, he got modify again.The band had saved his life. The band had saved Frank Ieros life. Frank LIVES for the music, and nothing else. Its the music that keeps him alive. Mikey hit depression during The Black Parade, and had to leave the band for a while, so he could get better, and play the music once again with 3 of his best friends. The band inspired Mikey to get better. The band saved his life. Ray severely went through so much, and he would still be either trying to make music in small, unknown bands to make himself happy. But he has My Chemical Romance. God only knows the path Ray might have taken if Gerard idnt call him up to be in the band. The band saved Rays life. My Chemical Romance are my idols because theyre such caring, and inspirational men. They care about the music, each other, and safet y of their fans. Do you think theyd have gotten themselves better if they were just in it for the money? If none of the music ment anything to any of them, but they just wanted money, like some bands today? No, they wouldnt. Theyd have carried on drinking and doing drugs until they would take an even more solid and critical condition, and probably die. Thank you My Chemical Romance for being my idols and inspiring me.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Migration Skills Assessment Booklet

MIGRATION SKILLS ASSESSMENT fOR REcOGNITION Of pERSONS INTENdING TO AppLy fOR SKILLEd MIGRATION TO AuSTRALIA wIThIN ThE ENGINEERING pROfESSION July 2012 www. engineersaustralia. org. au Migration Skills Assessment Education and Assessment Engineers Australia, 11 National Circuit BARTON human activity 2600 AUSTRALIA Copyright Engineers Australia, 2012 This flow is copyright. as on a lower floor from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no come apart whitethorn be reproduced by any process without foregoing scripted permission from Engineers Australia.Requests and inquiries concerning the reproduction and rights should be addressed to the theater director Education and Assessment, Engineers Australia, 11 National Circuit Barton ACT 2600 cONTENTS CONTENTS arm A entree and Background ingress 1. Assessment for Migration Purposes 2. Occupational Categories in engineer 3. Pathways to Recognition 4. side Language Requirements 5. security of Copies of Documents 6. t ravel in the Assessment finishing Process 7. natural covering Forms 8. The Assessment Process 9.Appealing the Assessment military issue SECTION B Assessment of Recognised Qualifications 1. Australian Qualifications 2. capital letter distribute 3. Sydney yield SECTION C Assessment of Non-Recognised Qualifications 1. Introduction 2. Steps in preparing a CDR 3. Comp starnts of the CDR digest financial statements headmaster Engineer applied science railroad engineer Engineering Associate Engineering coach-and-four SECTION D excess Assessment Services 1. Introduction 2. Applicability of sp ar services 3. Identification of higher level applied science reserves 4. Work Experience SECTION E Checklists, Fee recompense and Dispatch 1.Checklists 27 28 2. Fee Payment and Dispatch vermiform process Detailed Description of efficiency Elements for apiece Occupational Category Professional Engineer Engineering railroad engineer Engineering Associate Engineering music director AN ZSCO occupations conventionated to Engineers Australia 32 37 42 46 48 24 24 24 25 18 19 20 21 14 14 14 10 10 11 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 1 2 air division A Introduction and Background 3 SEcTION A Introduction This folder has been developed by Engineers Australia to assist you in preparing your introduction for an technology qualifications appraisal.This discussion character provides you with an introduction to the legal opinion of qualifications in technology for migration purposes. You should read this booklet cargon ampley before proceeding to the screening Forms. Professional Engineer Academic qualification is an Australian four socio-economic class Bachelor of Engineering stop checking twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Professional Engineer Focusesonover anysystems Developsandappliesnew technologypractices Appliesleadership&managementskills Pursues planopportunitiesinanholisticway,taking environmental,community&socialissuesintoaccount Solvesdiverse enigma s.Engineering engineer Academic qualification is an Australian ternary year Bachelor of Engineering engine room tier following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Engineering technologist Focusesoninteractionsinsidethesystem Modifiesandadapts established designpractices Advancesengineeringtechnology. Engineering Associate Academic qualification is an Australian two year move on Diploma of engineering following twelve years of schooling, or equivalent. The Engineering Associate Focuseson peculiar(prenominal) particlesofthesystem Works indoorscodesandappliesestablished practices and procedures. Engineering motorbus An engineering or engineering-related academic qualification moldinessiness be held normally at Bachelor decimal point level or higher. Engineering Manager is a high level mark involving the formulation of engineering strategies, policies and plans and the direction, administration and suss out of engineering operations for an organization moldi ness call for arcordofseniormanagementovera pointedness of terzetto years or more.Letters of quote and organisational charts essential(prenominal)(prenominal) be provided must(prenominal) adoptpersonsreportingtohim/herwho atomic egress 18 in addition at a management level. Applicants should none that this occupation is non an engineering occupation, but rather belongs to the Managers and Administrators house. Consequently, a positive essence will non allow automatic rank and shoot of Engineers Australia. Further dilate on the general manipulation descriptions for distributively occupational category argon presented in the accessory. 1. Assessment for Migration Purposes Engineers Australia is the designated assessing indorsement for close engineering occupations.You should first check the set outd Occupation Lists (SOL) to determine that your complete occupation is listed as existence assessable by Engineers Australia, as there atomic number 18 some engi neering occupations which ar assessed elsewhere. The summonsence SOL text files, which list occupations and contact detail of the designated assessing authorities, atomic number 18 available from the DIAC website www. immi. gov. au/ skillful/sol/. Applicants seeking sound judgement for migration purposes should first get a copy of the latest General clever Migration Booklet (6) Form 1119 from the division of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) (www. mmi. gov. au). This booklet will help applicants understand the requirements for General Skilled Migration to Australia. Alternatively, the Employer Sponsored Migration Booklet (5) form 1131 whitethorn be relevant. Applicants should refer to the Australian Skills Recognition Information (ASRI) site at www. immi. gov. au/asri. This site helps you to find out how to get an sound judgment of your occupational qualifications and skills. It also contains study on state specific registration and licensing requirements.Applicants should also refer to the Australian and innovative Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) at www. abs. gov. au. This reference provides the definition, skill level and engagementing classs confused in a particular occupation. 2. Occupational Categories in Engineering Engineers Australia recognises three occupational categories within the engineering team in Australia ProfessionalEngineer EngineeringTechnologist EngineeringAssociate For migration purposes, an additional category of Engineering Manager is also recognised.Sh withdraw got below is a description of the pre-requisite engineering qualifications and the workplace role for each occupational category. 4 SEcTION A 3. Pathways to Recognition There are two pathways to light of your qualifications a) through and through recognised ( veritable) Engineering Qualifications b) through a cogency Demonstration comprehend (CDR) for non-recognised qualifications. The pathways to mention are shown schematica lly below contemplate Information on website www. engineersaustralia. org. au download pertinent performance formA TRF baffled before know of judging occupation is stored alphabetically and matched to the in the flesh(predicate) file when assessment commences. Details of locations where IELTS assessments are conducted whitethorn be found on the IELTS website www. ielts. org. The following applicants may be exempt from the requirement to provide an IELTS assessment end Applicantswhoarenative positionspeakers Applicantswho watchcompletedanAustralian undergraduateengineeringqualification Applicantswho standcompleteda2yearMasters degree or PhD program at an Australian university.For the supra exemption, accusative establish is required of self-made completion of the Australian degree program. recreate note that the above IELTS exemptions are determined on a case by case basis and Engineers Australia reserves the right to require an IELTS assessment result if it is dee med undeniable. a) accepted Qualifications b) Non-Recognised Qualifications Australian Qualifications all three levels washington parcel out For Professional Engineers Sydney Accord For Engineering Technologists force materialisation Report (cdR) 5. Certification of Copies of Documents Accreditation check Re-Submit es No yes No You must provide cognizant accredited copies of your master degree/diploma testamur (certificate) and any other(a) subsequent engineering qualifications together with their associated academic imitations (list of subjects study and results obtained). Do not send the course syllabus. dependant copies are to be produced direct from the original documents, which the Certifier must sight. An original document is usually different from a photocopy or other reproduction. An original may often contain an functionary logo, seal, stamp or watermark, or may include a written tinge. transport note that colour scanned netmailed or facsimile copies are not accepted. The assured copies bearing the Certifiers actual trace must be sent as hardcopy by post (or courier). Where documents are not in the English language, you must provide certified copies of both the original-language document and an English language commentary which has been made from the original document. entirely translations must be carried out by an classical translator. In general translators are not authorised to certify copies of original documents.The signature, adduce, status and contact enlarge of the translator must be provided on the English language version. If your current yell is not the same as that on your degree documents, you must provide evidence of your name convert. All submitted documents which are copies of original documents must be certified. Many practical(a) industriousnesss for a skills assessment are de typeseted because documents are not properly certified. The assessors will contact you by garner or e-mail if there are any omiss ions in regard to certification. disport make original your e-mail and contact addresses are up to date. topic Outcome Refer to segments B and C for instructions associated with each pathway. The assessment is primarily focused on the basic tertiary (post secondary) engineering qualification. Any application for assessment of a postgraduate qualification must keep back an hold upning undergraduate qualification. 4. English Language Requirements All applicants get intoing to drive their skills assessed by Engineers Australia are required to provide evidence of their English language cogency. Applicants are required to pitch achieved a minimum score of 6. in each of the four modules of speaking, listening, reading and writing in any the General Training or Academic version of the International English Language raiseing System (IELTS) www. ielts. org. Please set You must arrange for an original IELTS riddle Report Form (TRF) to be sent to Engineers Australia promptly from the Test Centre. Certified copies are not acceptable. Use the address on the application form see also page 25. For an IELTS Test Report Form to be valid, it must not be more than 2 years old at the date of receipt of the assessment application in this office. SEcTION A Applicants should note the following points concerning certification of documents 1. Certified copies of previously certified copies will not be accepted. You must provide a properly certified copy of the ORIGINAL document. 2. Proper certification should appear on each page to be certified, and should show (a) (b) the signature of the person certifying the document and the date of signing the name of the person certifying the document. This should be intelligibly printed or evident in the official stamp the contact details of the person certifying the document.This MUST be provided and may be a business address, telephone number or e-mail address, and where feasible, an official stamp indicating the status of the person certifying the document, ie. Justice of the Peace, Commissioner for Oaths, Notary Public a pedagogy I certify this to be an identical copy of the original document, which I have sighted, or similar wording Where the name, status and contact details are in a foreign language, an English language translation of these three details require to be provided. . Steps in the Assessment Application Process This section of the booklet assists you in the preparation and submission of your assessment applications. If you are lodging a capital letter Accord, a Sydney Accord, or an Australian Engineering Qualification assessment application, whence full details of what to send us are on the applicable application form. Go to sectionalisation B for details on preparing an application for assessment of a recognised qualification.Compilation of a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) If you have non-recognised qualifications, you will need to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (C DR). Section C of this booklet provides you with guidelines for a description of your personal engineering practice and an identification of your engineering competencies. The Competency Demonstration Report or CDR is the substantial component of your application which provides the basis for Engineers Australias assessment of your competencies.Apart from your engineering qualification, the success of your application will depend on your career chronological sequences and your introduction of the relevant set of competency elements. You should follow the guidelines in Section C carefully when compiling your CDR. Additional assessment services If you require an opinion on a higher level qualification (eg PhD), or your relevant proficient employment for the purpose of claiming points from DIAC, hence go to Section D for application details. preeminence that the standard assessment will include an opinion on the alike(p) AQF Australian qualification level used in support of the ass ess outcome. This will modify the relevant points for such to be claimed from DIAC. Checklist of backing and strike Section E of this booklet provides you with checklists of the required material, requitals and dispatch address. The current assessment fee is also stipulate on the relevant application form. (c) (d) (e) (f) 3.The following classes of persons acting within their relevant jurisdiction in the country of certification are authorised to certify copies of documents AnauthorisedNotaryPublic AnauthorisedCommissionerfor Oaths/ answers AnauthorisedLawyer,Solicitor,BarristerorJudge AnauthorisedJusticeofthePeace AnpolicemanofanAustralianDiplomaticPost AcurrentfinancialmemberoftheEngineers Australia other than at the grade of student (membership number must be shown) AstaffmemberofEngineersAustralia 4. If you employ the services of a effectual firm, the solicitor must sign each page.It will not be satisfactory for the name of the jurisprudence firm to appear in lieu of the actual name and signature of the solicitor certifying your documents. Collective right implied in the use of we, accompanied by the name of the law firm, is not acceptable. 5. Documents are to be certified either in the country of lodgment or in the country of award Please Note Assessment of your application will not proceed if you submit copies of documents where the class of person certifying the copy is not one of those listed above or where the requirements stated above are not complied with. SEcTION A 7. Application Forms Each assessment pathway has its own application form. Make sure you download and complete the application form for the pathway you have selected. Application forms may be downloaded from the website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills When applying for a CDR assessment, you should specify the occupational category and field of engineering for which you are seeking an occupational outcome. You may wish to refer to the Australian and New Z ealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) dictionary on www. abs. gov. u for the definition of the occupations. Use of an Agent If you have appointed a person to act as your performer you must complete the authorisation form, which may be downloaded from the website (www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills) under Migration Skills Assessment. If you are appointing an Agent, a hard-copy version of this form, complete with your original signature, must obey your assessment application. If you employ an agent, Engineers Australia will communicate only with your agent regarding your assessment. You cannot independently contact Engineers Australia.If you do so you will be referred to your agent. 9. Appealing the Assessment Outcome If you are not satisfied with the assessment outcome you should first contact your case officer and discuss your concerns. The case officer may refer your case to the Associate Director Migration Skills Assessment for consideration. A RevieworAppealcanonlybemadewithin 12 months of the date of the original assessment outcome letter Ifyouhavealreadyusedtheassessmentoutcomeletter for Migration purposes, then the assessment process is regarded as finished and no Appeal can be made.There are two stages to an appeal Preliminary (Informal) Review On receipt of request for a preliminary review, the Manager will refer your file to another assessor for an assessment which is independent of the first. Preliminary Reviews are through at no charge. You will be advised of the outcome by the Manager. If you are still not satisfied with the outcome you may go to a formal Appeal. Formal Appeal To reconcile a formal appeal you must submit the form Application for Formal Appeal of Assessment Outcome, downloadable from www. engineersaustralia. rg. au/ migration_skills You may include reasons as to why you believe the outcome is not appropriate in your case. You cannot however present any new information/evidence. If you wish to ad d new material to your submission you must make a new application. You must include the Appeal Fee of AUD$200. This fee is refundable if you receive the outcome you are seeking. It is not refundable if the outcome remains as originally assessed. All documents on your file will be photocopied and forwarded to an external Committee of engineers for re-assessment.Under Australian Privacy Legislation your permission will be required to forward copies of documents to the Committee. When requesting an Appeal, your signature will denote your consent to dissemination of the file documents. Appeals take just about three months to process. The outcome of an Appeal is FINAL. 8. The Assessment Process When your application arrives, a receipt will be posted to you within 5 to 7 working days. The receipt will specify your Contact ID (CID) number. Please use this number in correspondence with Engineers Australia. Assessment turnaround metre can vary and regular updates are to be found at ww. en gineersaustralia. org. au/migration_ skills Please do not telephone Engineers Australia within this dateframe as this will cause delays to processing. If there are any deficiencies in your submission you will be notified in writing. If the application is successful you will receive an assessment outcome letter suitable for migration purposes. Please note that the assessment outcome letter has no expiry date from Engineers Australias perspective. Assessment outcome letters are sent by ordinary post. If you wish to use a courier you must organise that yourself.Please advise Engineers Australia if you intend to use a courier and you will be advised by e-mail when the letter is available for pick-up. Please Note Only one original letter of recognition will be issued. Provision of an additional letter will require a Statutory Declaration explaining the reason for the additional letter together with an administration fee of AUD$100. 10. Fraud Applications will be rejected where there is evidence of fraud, plagiarism or forged documents. We refer applicants to the Engineers Australia Code of Ethics, in particular the intro of integrity, available on the website www. engineersaustralia. rg. au 7 8 SEcTION B Assessment of Recognised Qualifications 9 SEcTION B Accredited Qualifications These are accredited Australian engineering qualifications and overseas engineering qualifications that are recognised through formal accordances with engineering accreditation bodies in other countries. These qualifications are readily recognisable through database listings of accredited programs. For overseas qualifications there are two pathways onedealswithundergraduateProfessional Engineering programs. This is known as the Washington Accord. andtheotherdealswithEngineering Technologist programs. This is known as the Sydney Accord.In general, all references to qualifications refer to the undergraduate engineering qualification. However, revel note that there are some Australian Masters qualifications that are now macrocosm accredited. Please Note For all recognized (accredited) qualifications the occupational classification generally given to you will be according to the engineering discipline specified in the program title and/or as reflected in the academic content. If you wish to seek an engineering occupational classification other than the one specified in your qualifications, or have your work have intercourse taken into consideration, you will need to submit a CDR.Application forms for these pathways are available from the Engineers Australia website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills 2. Washington Accord The Washington Accord (www. washingtonaccord. org) is an agreement between the engineering accreditation bodies, listed below, to recognise as equivalent the undergraduate original engineering programs of study which are accredited and delivered in those countries. The following countries are full members of the Washington Accord . patch Australia is a signatory country it is not listed here.If you have Australian engineering qualifications you must apply exploitation the Australian Qualifications application form. Some other countries are currently seeking full membership of the Washington Accord. Please refer to www. washingtonaccord. org. Provisional membership does not give entitlement to apply under the Washington Accord. in full membership only provides this entitlement. Canada (1989) Ireland (1989) New Zealand (1989) The Canadian Accreditation jury of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers www. engineerscanada. ca The understructure of Engineers of Ireland www. iei. e The Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand www. ipenz. org. nz United dry land The Engineering Council of the UK www. engc. org. uk (1989) (see dual degree accreditation note) United States of the States (1989) The Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology www . abet. org 1. Australian Qualifications If you have Australian undergraduate engineering qualifications at the Professional Engineer, Engineering Technologist or Engineering Associate level you should initially apply using the Australian Qualifications Application Form.Please note that exactly accredited Australian qualifications are eligible under this pathway. If your undergraduate engineering qualification is from overseas, and unless your postgraduate (Masters) qualification is FULLY accredited, you cannot apply using this pathway. Persons who hold Australian engineering qualifications at the Trade or Technician level must not apply to Engineers Australia for assessment. Details of the relevant assessing authority for these occupations can be found in the Skilled Occupation Listing (SOL) available from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship www. mmi. gov. au. If your Australian engineering qualification has not yet been awarded you may provide a certified copy of the of ficial academic transcript in lieu of a copy of the actual degree. The transcript must specify that the program of study has been completed and you are eligible to graduate. If the academic transcript does not specify completion you must provide an original letter of completion (not a copy) signed by the Academic Registrar (not someone acting on his/her behalf). Hong Kong SAR The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers www. hkie. org. k (1995) South Africa (1999) Japan (2005) capital of Singapore (2006) South Korea (2007) Taiwan (2007) Malaysia (2009) Turkey (2011) Russia (2012) The Engineering Council of South Africa www. ecsa. co. za Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education www. jabee. org The Institution of Engineers Singapore www. ies. org. sg Accreditation Board for Engineering Education for Korea www. abeek. or. kr Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan www. ieet. org. tw Board of Engineers Malaysia www. bem. org. my Association of Evaluation and Accreditation of Engi neering Programs www. udek. org. tr Association for Engineering Education of Russia www. ac-raee. ru Please Note The Washington Accord only applies to undergraduate professional engineering degrees accredited and delivered in the signatory countries. The Accord does not apply to If you have been given part exemption from an Australian Qualificationsatloweracademiclevelsor qualification on the basis of recognition of prior learning Postgraduatequalificationsinengineering. (RPL) at another institution, you will need to provide 10 evidence of that prior learning. SEcTION BYou should first check that your qualification is listed as an accredited Professional Engineering program with the relevant body before applying. Washington Accord accreditation applies for degrees completed on or after the year (shown in brackets) for full signatory status. If you consider your qualifications fall under the Washington Accord you should complete the Washington Accord application form and provide t he required documentation and assessment fee. Your qualifications will be checked with the relevant Washington Accord accreditation body.If your qualification is not listed as accredited under the Washington Accord, you will be invited to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Please Note Applicants with accredited qualifications from signatory countries where the official language is not English will be required to submit a satisfactory IELTS assessment result. Please Note The Sydney Accord only applies to undergraduate engineering technologist qualifications accredited and delivered in the signatory countries. The Accord does not apply to Qualificationsatloweracademiclevelsor Postgraduatequalificationsinengineering.You should first check that your qualification is listed as an accredited Engineering Technologist program with the relevant body before applying. Sydney Accord accreditation applies for degrees completed on or after the year (shown in brackets) for full sign atory status. If you consider your qualifications fall under the Sydney Accord you should complete the Sydney Accord application form and provide the required documentation and assessment fee. Your qualifications will be checked with the relevant Sydney Accord accreditation body.If your qualification is not listed as accredited under the Sydney Accord, you will be invited to submit a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Please Note Applicants with accredited qualifications from signatory countries where the official language is not English will be required to submit a satisfactory IELTS assessment result. 3. Sydney Accord The Sydney Accord is an agreement between the engineering accreditation bodies, listed below, to recognise as equivalent the Engineering Technologist programs of study which are accredited and delivered in those countries.The following countries are full members of the Sydney Accord. While Australia is a signatory country it is not listed here. If you have Austra lian qualifications you must apply using the Australian qualifications application form. Canada (2001) The Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists www. cctt. ca Hong Kong SAR The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (2001) www. hkie. org. hk Ireland (2001) New Zealand (2001) South Africa (2001) The Institution of Engineers of Ireland www. iei. ie The Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand www. ipenz. org. nz The Engineering Council of South Africa www. csa. co. za United Kingdom The Engineering Council of the UK (2001) www. engc. org. uk (see dual degree accreditation note) United States of America (2009) The Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology www. abet. org Provisional membership does not give entitlement to apply under the Sydney Accord. Full membership only provides this entitlement. 11 12 Section c Assessment of Non-Recognised Qualifications 13 SEcTION c 1. Introduction This section deals with the c ompiling of a Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) describing your engineering practice.The purpose of the CDR is to demonstrate howyouhaveappliedyourengineeringknowledgeand skills thatsuchapplication hearsthecompetencystandards of the relevant occupational category in Australia. You should be aware that the CDR must be all your own work. You must carefully follow the instructions provided in preparing your CDR. You should realise that you are entering into a final assessment. The major assessable features of the CDR are your narratives written in English of three career events and a drumhead line of reasoning of the competency elements you have claimed.You should, where achievable, type your CDR using a word processor and remember to keep a copy. The CDR must not be bound but presented in loose leaf A4 format. Your CDR will be assessed against the competency standards of the occupational category specified by you. Engineers Australia will not assess your competencies against an occupational category higher than the one you have specified, but may consider assessment against a lower occupational category if you are assessed as not suitable for your nominal category.Please Note A submitted CDR which is incomplete when submitted or which does not meet the stated requirements will not be assessed. All submitted material becomes the property of Engineers Australia. Applicants must make copies of all documents sent to Engineers Australia. Applicants who request copies of their submitted documents will be charged a AUD$100 administration fee. Do not present documents in a bound format as they must be dismantled for filing. 2. Steps in preparing a CDRThe flow chart below shows the steps you need to take in preparing your CDR sleep together Application Form Assemble certified copies of academic testamur(s) and associated academic transcript(s) Prepare plan Vitae report continuing Professional Development Write three Career Episodes Prepare a Summary state ment of evidence for the competency elements Instruct IElTS Test Entre to post an original TRF to EA Submit all specified documentation to Engineers Australia for assessment 3. Components of the CDR You must first complete the CDR Application Form. This is available from www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills 3. Declaration Page Your Competency Demonstration Report must include the following declaration (shown below). Declaration The following declaration must be signed and presented as part of your CDR submission All statements of fact in this report are true and correct and I have made claims of acquired competencies in good faith. The report is all my own work and is a true representation of my personal competence in written English. I body forth that I understand that members of the engineering team in Australia are required to display a payload to exercising professional and ethical responsibility in all aspects of their work.I also understand that documentation s ubmitted in support of my application may be referred to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) for integrity checking. Printed wee-wee Signature assignment This Declaration Form is on page 3 of the CDR Application Form, which may be downloaded from the Engineers Australia website www. engineersaustralia. org. au/ migration_skills 14 SEcTION c 3. 2 Certified copies of qualifications and academic record(s) Certified copies of the testamur (degree certificate) and transcript are mandatory documents.Many applications for a skills assessment are delayed because documents are not properly certified. See point 5 of Section A for full details of the certification requirements. Documents not properly certified will not be accepted, and your application for assessment will not proceed. Evidence must be provided of any postgraduate qualification completion, or at least enrolment if qualification not completed. This is especially important if material from such study is used in one or more career episode. 3. Curriculum Vitae (CV) or tally Engineers Australia requires a full thickset of your education and engineering work history to gain a full perspective of your engineering workplace practice. Your CV must be a complete record of your activities and must not contain significant periods where no activity is recorded. For each workplace provide organisationnameandlocationincludingcontact details where possible datesanddurationofemployment titleofpositionoccupiedbyyou yourdefinedrole(provideadutyorappointment statement where available) and/or a sketch description of your activities Your CV should be no more than three A4 pages.The CV is to be a chronological listing of employment, not projects. 3. 4 Evidence of Employment If in your CV/Resume you claim engineering work experience of 12 months or more, then you must provide documentary evidence (originals or certified copies) of employment and certified translations into English where essential. The documentaryevidenceistoincludecompany letterhead (including name and location details), date of document, name and status of author, dates and duration of employment, title of position occupied and a brief description of duties/tasks/responsibilities.If a career episode is found upon engineering work, then you must provide documentary evidence of employment, as above. This instruction applies to the standard assessment service only. Go to Section D for raise instructions on the additional assessment service for the identification of periods of skilled employment. 3. 5 Identification of go on Professional Development Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the means by which you keep up-to-date with developings in your field of engineering after you have gained your undergraduate qualification. A brief summary of CPD you have undertaken must be included in your CDR.This CPD must take the form of a listing (title, date, duration, venue) of formalpost-graduatestudy conferenc esatwhichyouhavedeliveredpapersor attended. shortcourses,workshops,seminarsanddiscussion groups, conferences, technical inspections and technicalmeetingsyouhaveattended preparationandpresentationofmaterialforcourses, conferences, seminars and symposia servicetotheengineeringprofession(volunteerwork, get on or committee volunteer, mentoring, etc) privatestudy(includesbooks,journals,transactions, manuals, etc) Your CPD listing need be no more than one A4 page. There is no necessity to include certificates from each course. . 6 International English Language Test Result All applicants applying to have their skills assessed by Engineers Australia are required to provide evidence of their English language competency. See item 4 of Section A for full details of the English competency requirements. 3. 7 Writing your three career episodes You are required to present an account of your engineering activities on each of three recite career episodes. A career episode is a documented comp onent of your engineering education and/or work experience which captures a particular period or distinct aspect of your engineering activity.It needs to clearly demonstrate the application of engineering knowledge and skills in the nominate occupation, not the acquisition of knowledge. It may use material from anengineeringtaskundertakenaspartofyour educationalprogram aprojectyouhaveworkedonorarecurrently workingon aspecificpositionthatyouoccupiedorcurrently occupy (in this case, the career episode must comprise morethanameredutystatement) aparticularengineeringproblemthatyouwererequired to solve. Each career episode must be in your own words and must be written in English. 5 SEcTION c Do not present large amounts of technical material. It is recommended that each narrative be a minimum of about 1000 words and a maximum of about 2000 words. The career episode, being written in your own words, will also provide evidence to the assessor of your communication skills. Please Note Career Episodes must be written in the first person singular clearly indicating your own personal role in the work described. Remember, it is what I did, not what we did or what I was involved in. Each career episode must clearly demonstrate the application of engineering knowledge and skills in the engineering discipline for which the applicant seeks recognition. That is, state what you did and describe how you did it, with emphasis on your own personal actions, eg I designed , I investigated . Excessive technical detail (diagrams, photos, calculations, tables) are not required. Each career episode should emphasise any engineering problems identified and any particular problem solving techniques used by you.The purpose of this is to assess the nature of the contribution which you may have made to the engineering project or task particularly if that contribution was of a novel nature or critical to the carrying into action of the task/project. Please note that it is not sufficient to merely describe work in which you were involved. Your own role in the work must be clearly described by you, and be identifiable in the assessment. You must number each paragraph in each of your career episodes. Thefollowingsystemisrecommended Career episode 1 (paragraphs 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3 etc) Career episode 2 (paragraphs 2. , 2. 2, 2. 3 etc) Career episode 3 (paragraphs 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3 etc) This is necessary to construct the Summary Statement. Each career episode should follow the format shown below a) Introduction (approx. 50 words) This introduces the reader to the career episode and should include such things as thechronology-thedatesanddurationofthiscareer episode thegeographicallocationwheretheexperiencewas gained thenameoftheorganisation thetitleofthepositionoccupiedbyyou. b) Background (200 500 words) This sets the tantrum and provides the context in which you were studying/working.It should include such things as thenatureoftheoverallengineeringproject theobjec tivesoftheproject thenatureofyourparticularworkarea achartoftheorganisationalstructurehighlighting yourposition,inrelationtothecareerepisode astatementofyourduties(provideanofficialduty statement where available). c) Personal Engineering activity (500 1000 words) This is the body of the narrative and the key assessable component. In this section you must describe in detail the actual work performed by you. It is not sufficient to describe the activity performed by a team or group your own role must be clearly identified.Remember it is your own personal engineering competencies that are being assessed. This section should include such things as howyouappliedyourengineeringknowledgeandskills thetasksdelegatedtoyouandhowyouwentabout accomplishingthem anyparticulartechnicaldifficulties/problemsyou encounteredandhowyousolvedthem strategiesdevisedbyyouincludinganyoriginalor creativedesignwork howyouworkedwithotherteammembers. d) Summary (50 100 words) This section sums up your impressions of the engineering activity and your role in it.It should include such things as yourviewoftheoverallproject howtheprojectfaredinmeetingthegoals/requirements howyourpersonalrolecontributedtotheproject. 3. 8 planning of the Summary Statement Complete the three career episodes, then analyse them for the presence of ALL of the competency elements for the occupational category you have chosen. The elements for each occupational category are listed in the following pages. The Appendix gives a particular description of each competency element for each category. 16 SEcTION cThe results of your analysis are to be reported in the form of a Summary Statement of competency elements claimed. The Summary Statement cross-references the relevant set of competency elements with the particular paragraph in your Career Episode where each element occurs. To do this, you will need to number the paragraphs in your career episodes. The process is represented schematically below 1. Care er Episode 2. Career Episode 3. Career Episode Summary Statement of competency elements claimed by you indicating how and where appliedYou must download and complete the appropriate summary statement for your nominated occupational category. The summary statement templates are available at www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills These are guides only. Do not attempt to compel your Summary Statement to one page only. Applicants may prepare their own summary table, but must include the complete set of competency elements for their nominated engineering category. Please note, one Summary Statement only is to be provided covering all three career episodes combined. 17 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements.These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as a Professional Engineer, you will need to download this page, complete it and populate it with your application. Fo r details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 33-36. Competency Element PE1 fellowship AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed PE1. 1 Comprehensive, theory based spirit of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the engineering discipline.PE1. 2 Conceptual understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the engineering discipline. PE1. 3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the engineering discipline. PE1. 4 Discernment of knowledge development and research directions within the engineering discipline. PE1. 5 knowledge of contextual factors impacting the engineering discipline. PE1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of coetaneous engineering practice in the specific discipline.PE2 ENGINEERING APPLICATI ON ABILITY PE2. 1 Application of established engineering methods to difficult engineering problem solving. PE2. 2 Fluent application of engineering techniques, tools and resources. PE2. 3 Application of taxonomic engineering synthesis and design processes. PE2. 4 Application of magisterial approaches to the conduct and management of engineering projects. PE3 PROFESSIONAL AND individualized ATTRIBUTES PE3. 1 ethical conduct and professional accountability. PE3. 2 stiff oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. PE3. Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. PE3. 4 Professional use and management of information. PE3. 5 groovy management of self, and professional conduct. PE3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 18 ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Technologist, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 38-41.Competency Element ET1 knowledge AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed ET1. 1 Systematic, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the technology domain. ET1. 2 Conceptual understanding of the, mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the technology domain. ET1. 3 In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the technology domain. ET1. Discernment of knowledge development within the technology domain. ET1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the technology domain. ET1. 6 Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the techn ology domain. ET2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY ET2. 1 Application of established engineering methods to broadly-defined problem solving within the technology domain. ET2. 2 Application of engineering techniques, tools and resources within the technology domain. ET2. 3 Application of systematic synthesis and design processes within the technology domain.ET2. 4 Application of systematic approaches to the conduct and management of projects within the technology domain. ET3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES ET3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. ET3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains. ET3. 3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. ET3. 4 Professional use and management of information. ET3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. ET3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 19 ENGINEERING ASSOCIATE Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements.These elements must be addressed i n the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Associate, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Pages 43-45. Competency Element EA1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed EA1. 1 Descriptive, formula-based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the practice area.EA1. 2 Procedural-level understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and information sciences which underpin the practice area. EA1. 3 In-depth practical knowledge and skills within specialist sub-disciplines of the practice area. EA1. 4 Discernment of engineering developments within the practice area. EA1. 5 Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the practice area. EA1. 6 Understanding o f the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary engineering practice in the area of practice. EA2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITYEA2. 1 Application of established technical and practical methods to the solution of unmortgaged engineering problems. EA2. 2 Application of technical and practical techniques, tools and resources to well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 3 Application of systematic design processes to well-defined engineering problems. EA2. 4 Application of systematic project management processes. EA3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES EA3. 1 Ethical conduct and professional accountability. EA3. 2 Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains.EA3. 3 Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour. EA3. 4 Professional use and management of information. EA3. 5 Orderly management of self, and professional conduct. EA3. 6 Effective team membership and team leadership. 20 ENGINEERING bus Summary Statement These are the competency Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as an Engineering Manager, you will need to download this page, complete it, and lodge it with your application. For details, refer to the Appendix, Page 47.Competency Element EM1. 1 Contributes to engineering business strategies EM1. 2 Develops lymph node relationships EM1. 3 Manages the implementation of engineering plans within the business EM1. 4 Manages resources EM1. 5 Manages people EM1. 6 Manages suppliers EM1. 7 Manages business information EM1. 8 Monitors engineering business performance A brief summary of how you have applied the element Paragraph in the career episode(s) where the element is addressed 21 22 Section d Additional Assessment Services 23 SEcTION d Additional Assessment ServicesIdentification of Relevant Engineering Qualifications and / or Relevant Skilled Employment for the purpose of claiming migration points 2. Applicability of additional services It should be noted that not all knobs will require these additional assessing services. Such services are anticipated to be ONLY of interest to the following clients thosewhoholdahigher-levelqualificationthanmaybe strictlynecessarytoprovidethenominatedoutcome and / or thosewhohaveatleast1yearAustralianwork experience, and / or at least 3 years Overseas work experience in their nominated occupation or a closelyrelated occupation.Either or both of these services may be applied for if the client wishes to claim the DIAC points. 1. Introduction As part of the introduction of the New Points Test for certain skilled migration visas on 1 July 2011, DIAC has advised applicants that they may request an opinion from their relevant assessing authority in two areas identificationofhighesteducationalqualification, relevant to the nominated occupation identificationofrelevantworkexperienceofatleast 20hrs/week, both overseas and in Australia See http//www. immi. gov. a u/skilled/general-skilledmigration/pdf/points-test. df Generally, the higher the level of qualification and the longer the period of relevant work experience, the greater the number of points claimable under the points test. Engineers Australia can offer opinions in the two areas above, as necessary, on receipt of an application for the additional services (with evidence) over and above the standard assessment. It should be noted that from 1 July 2011 the standard assessment forget INCLUDE an opinion on the comparable relevant Australian level qualification to the clients overseas qualification used in support of the assessed outcome.However, where a client holds an engineering PhD degree for example, which may not necessarily need to be considered in the assessment process to provide the nominated outcome, then this additional assessing service may be employed to identify the overseas PhD as comparable to an Australian PhD. Please Note Engineers Australia does non issue the poi nts for migration. This will be done by the DIAC case officer at the time of their review of the overall migration application, subsequent to assessment. 3.Identification of higher level engineering qualifications The standard assessment WILL INCLUDE an opinion on the comparable relevant Australian level qualification to the clients overseas qualification used in support of the assessed outcome. However, where a client holds a PhD degree for example, which may not necessarily need to be considered in the assessment process to provide the nominated outcome, then this additional assessing service may be employed to identify the overseas PhD as comparable to an Australian PhD.Applicants who require this service will need to provide acompletedapplicationform,withrelevantfee defrayal properly-certifiedcopiesofalloriginalacademic documentation (testamurs and transcripts, as applicable) which shows that the client unconditionally holds the qualification claimed alistingofdoctoralexamin ersanddetails alistingofpublicationsmadeduringandafterthe doctoral program thesisabstract. 4. Skilled EmploymentDIAC will award points to applicants based on demonstration of a verifiable skilled employment history undertaken in the last 10 years, in Australia or overseas. For the necessary assessment by Engineers Australia, the experience MUST be in an applicants nominated engineering occupation, or a closely related occupation. In determining whether an applicants skilled employment is closely related to their nominated occupation, the assessment by Engineers Australia will take into consideration the occupations within one unit group 4 SEcTION d classified under the ANZSCO Classification of Occupations. Engineers Australia has been authorised by DIAC to provide an opinion about an applicants skilled employment claims as part of the skills assessment. However, the decision to award points for skilled employment remains with the DIAC case officer, who may also need to review clai ms of relevant employment gained subsequent to the formal assessment.For applicants seeking an opinion about their skilled employment claims (as above) from Engineers Australia, submitted work experience documentation must beanoriginaldocument,oracertifiedtruecopyofthe original in accordance with the MSA Booklet, Section A,Item5 bewrittenontheofficialletterheadofthecompany,or governmentdepartment,providingthedocumentation indicateclearlythefulladdressofthecompanyand any telephone, fax numbers, email and website addresses bedated includethenameandpositionofthepersonendorsing the employment document these should be typed or stamped below that persons signature a reference with an illegible signature will not be accepted includethedirectcontactnumberandofficialemail addressofthepersonendorsingthedocument indicate the main five (5) duties undertaken, the job title or positions held (positions should not be described by generic titles (eg, Engineer) but according to the nature of the duties undertaken (eg, Assistant realize Engineer Civil), the exact period of employment (start and finish date, including day/month/year), whether full or parttime (including hours/week). For periods of self-employment, the following certified copies or original documents may be acceptable commissions that are signed by each of the clients foreachproject proof of formal Registration (including duration) as an engineerinthehomecountry -receiptsissuedforprojects third party confirmation of the period of selfemployment, the position held and the individual duties performed. Only those documents meeting the above requirements will be considered in the provision of formal written advice by Engineers Australia. No further correspondence will be entered into in addressing shortcomings in the submitted documentation.In addition to the above independent confirmation of the claims made, applicants who require this service will need to provide acompletedapplicationform,withrel evantfee payment acompetedSkilledEmploymentRecordofthework experience being claimed in support of the opinion requested from Engineers Australia. The Skilled Employment Record template is available on www. engineersaustralia. org. au/migration_skills 25 Skilled Employment Record Family or Surname Given Names Employer / Company Name Street Address Contact Details Documents include 5 main duties Yes / No Years / Months CID figure Hours/week Total Duration For Engineers Australia Use Only Start Date End Date gambol Title Tel / fax / emailSkilled Employment Record to be downloaded and completed as part of the additional assessment service 26 Note Please ensure that all columns are completed for each period of employment relevant to your nominated occupation. SEcTION d Employment for which incomplete information is provided will not be considered. Section E checklists, fee payment and dispatch 27 SEcTION E 1. Checklists in the lead you dispatch your application you should use one of the following checklists to ensure that you have completed all the necessary steps and provided all the required documents. Assemble your submission by placing documents in the order shown below. Please do not bind your documents.Checklist 1 for Washington/Sydney Accord and Australian Engineering Qualifications Assessment Applications end Application Form, with passport-style photo Application fee Form to appoint person to act as agent if necessary Certified true copy of passport bio-data page only (not the complete passport), and English language translation (if not in English) Where this is not available, a copy of your Birth Certificate and/or National Identify wag may be acceptable in lieu Certified true copy of name change document If necessary Original English language test (IELTS) result necessary only if application is based on a qualification from a signatory country where the official language is not English. You must arrange for this to be forwarded directly to Engineer s Australia from theTest Centre Certified true copy of academic testamur Certified true copies of academic transcripts Curriculum Vitae (CV) / Resume English language translations of above, where applicable Checklist 2 for Competency Demonstration Report (CDR) Assessment Applications Completed Application Form, with passport-style photo Application fee Form to appoint person to act as agent if necessary Certified true copy of passport bio-data page only (not the complete passport), and English language translation (if not in English) Where this is not available, a copy of your Birth Certificate and/or National Identify Card may be acceptable in lieu Certified true copy of name change document If necessary Original English language test (IELTS) result if necessary. You must arrange for this to be forwarded directly to Engineers Australia from the Test Centre. Curriculum Vitae (CV) / Resume Certified true copy of academic testamur(s) Certified true copies of academic transcript(s) Cer tified evidence of registration under the relevant licensing authority in the country in which you are practising if necessary e. g.Philippine Regulations Commission Certified documentary evidence of employment must be provided if you have relevant work experience of 12 months or more, or if the work experience provides a basis of a career episode(s) A listing of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) CDR Declaration Page Three Career Episodes Summary Statement of evidence for the competency elements English language translations of above, where applicable 28 SEcTION E 2. Fee Payment and Dispatch The assessment fee as specified on the Application Form must accompany your submission. The assessment fee is not refundable and may be subject to change without notice. Goods and Service Tax (GST) ApplicantswhoarelivinginAustraliaMUSTpay10% GST on the application fee Applicantslivingoverseas,wholodgetheirapplication from overseas, are NOT required to pay the GST Applicants living ove rseas, who lodge an application for assessment through an agent in Australia (Migration Agent, relative or friend living in Australia) are NOT required to pay the GST.Assessment Fees Assessment fees are listed below for each type of application Australian qualifications AUD$ one hundred fifty or $165 incl. GST Washington Accord Sydney Accord AUD$300 or $330 incl. GST AUD$300 or $330 incl. GST For payment made within Australia, the following methods of payment are acceptable Abankchequeorapersonalcheque AnAustralianmoneyorder Acreditcardauthorisationasabove Your completed Application Form, submission, and assessment fee should be sent direct to Migration Skills Assessment Education and Assessment Engineers Australia 11 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 AUSTRALIA Please Note Assessment Turnaround Time The turnaround time for processing assessments can vary, depending on numbers of incoming applications.For guidance on current turnaround time, we refer to www. engineersaustralia. org . au/migration_skills Please DO NOT contact Engineers Australia within this time frame as delays will be caused to the processing time for all applications. Competency Demonstration Report AUD$600 or $660 incl. GST Additional Services (when applied for at the time of above standard assessment) Skilled Employment Overseas PhD AUD$250 or $275 incl. GST AUD$200 or $220 incl. GST Note that spear carrier fees are applicable for the additional services if carried out AFTER the Standard Assessment has been issued. In this case, please refer to the Admin Fee payment form for the applicable fees.The following methods of payment are acceptable Aninternationalbankdraftorchequemadeoutto Engineers Australia in Australian dollars drawn on an Australian office of a bank operating in Australia AninternationalmoneyordermadeouttoEngineers Australia in Australian dollars AcreditcardauthorisationonyourVisa,Mastercard or American Express card Please Note A cheque/ subsidence drawn in a currency other than Australian dollars or drawn in Australian currency on a bank outside Australia is not acceptable. 29 30 Appendix detailed description of competency Elements for each Occupational category 31 AppENdIx PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER universal DESCRIPTION OF ROLE Professional Engineers are required to take responsibility for engineering projects and programs in the most far-reaching sense.This includes the reliable functioning of all materials, components, sub-systems andtechnologiesusedtheirintegrationtoforma complete,sustainableandself-consistentsystemand all interactions between the technical system and the context within which it functions. The latter(prenominal) includes understanding the requirements of clients, wide rangingstakeholdersandofsocietyasawhole working to optimise social, environmental and economic outcomes over the full lifetime of the engineering product orprograminteractingeffectivelywithotherdisciplines, professionsandpeopleandensuringthattheengineering contribution is properly integrated into the totality of the undertaking.Professional Engineers are responsible for interpreting technological possibilities to society, businessandgovernmentandforensuringasfaras possible that policy decisions are properly informed by such possibilities and consequences, and that costs, risks and limitations are properly understood as the desirable outcomes. Professional Engineers are responsible for bringing knowledge to bear from multiple sources to develop solutions to complex problems and issues, for ensuring that technical and non-technical considerations are properly integrated, and for managing risk as well as sustainability issues. While the outcomes of engineering have physical forms, the work of Professional Engineers is predominantly intellectual in nature. In a technical sense, Professional Engineers are primarily concerned with the advancement of technologies and with the development of new